In early 1927, shortly before Chiang captured Shanghai and moved the capital to Nanjing, Wang's faction declared the capital of the Republic to be Wuhan. He did not believe that Communists could be true patriots or true Chinese nationalists. Although Wang collaborated closely with Chinese communists in Wuhan, he was philosophically opposed to communism and regarded the KMT's Comintern advisors with suspicion. Wang Jingwei and Chiang Kai-Shek in 1926 Leader of the Wuhan Government ĭuring the Northern Expedition, Wang was the leading figure in the left-leaning faction of the KMT that called for continued cooperation with the Chinese Communist Party. It was important for Chiang to have Wang away from Guangdong while Chiang was in the process of expelling communists from the KMT because Wang was then the leader of the left wing of the KMT, notably sympathetic to communists and communism, and may have opposed Chiang if he had remained in China. Wang had clearly lost control of the KMT by 1926, when, following the Zhongshan Warship Incident, Chiang successfully sent Wang and his family to vacation in Europe. He was considered one of the main contenders to replace Sun as leader of the KMT, but eventually lost control of the party and army to Chiang Kai-shek. He is believed by many to have drafted Sun's will during the short period before Sun's death, in the winter of 1925. In the early 1920s, he held several posts in Sun Yat-sen's Revolutionary Government in Guangzhou, and was the only member of Sun's inner circle to accompany him on trips outside of Kuomintang (KMT)-held territory in the months immediately preceding Sun's death. ĭuring and after the Xinhai Revolution, Wang's political life was defined by his opposition to Western imperialism. He remained in jail from 1910 until the Wuchang Uprising the next year, and became something of a national hero upon his release. He was jailed for plotting an assassination of the regent, Prince Chun, and readily admitted his guilt at trial. Wang gained prominence during this period as an excellent public speaker and a staunch advocate of Chinese nationalism. In the years leading up to the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, Wang was active in opposing the Qing government. He was among the Chinese nationalists in Japan who were influenced by Russian anarchism, and published a number of articles in journals edited by Zhang Renjie, Wu Zhihui, and the group of Chinese anarchists in Paris. While in Japan, Wang became a close confidant of Sun Yat-sen, and would later go on to become one of the most important members of the early Kuomintang. As a young man, Wang came to blame the Qing dynasty for holding China back, and making it too weak to fight off exploitation by Western imperialist powers. Early life and education įormer residence of Wang Jingwei in Nanjing.īorn in Sanshui, Guangdong, but of Zhejiang origin, Wang went to Japan as an international student sponsored by the Qing Dynasty government in 1903, and joined the Tongmenghui in 1905. Although he is still regarded as an important contributor in the Xinhai Revolution, his collaboration with Imperial Japan is a subject of academic debate, and the typical narratives often regard him as a traitor in the War of Resistance with his name becoming synonymous with treason. His legacy remains controversial among historians. Wang served as the head of state for this Japanese puppet government until he died, shortly before the end of World War II. Wang remained inside the Kuomintang, but continued to have disagreements with Chiang until the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, after which he accepted an invitation from the Japanese Empire to form a Japanese-supported collaborationist government in Nanking. After Sun's death in 1925 Wang engaged in a political struggle with Chiang Kai-shek for control over the Kuomintang, but lost. Wang was a close associate of Sun Yat-sen for the last twenty years of Sun's life. His political orientation veered sharply to the right later in his career after he collaborated with the Japanese. He was initially a member of the left wing of the Kuomintang, leading a government in Wuhan in opposition to the right-wing government in Nanjing, but later became increasingly anti-communist after his efforts to collaborate with the Chinese Communist Party ended in political failure. Wang Zhaoming, widely known by his pen name Wang Jingwei ( – 10 November 1944), was a Chinese politician.
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